INS Kalvari (S50) is the first of India’s six Kalvari-class stealth submarines ready to be inducted in Indian Navy.

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INS Kalvari (S50) is the first of India’s six Kalvari-class stealth submarines ready to be inducted in Indian Navy. It is a diesel-electric attack submarine which is designed by DCNS (French naval defence and energy company) and built Mazagon Dock Limited in Mumbai.

History:
Unknown to many, The name Kalvari is taken from a deep sea tiger shark and is a revival of the name of India’s first ever submarine, the INS Kalvari (S23) which was built by the Soviet Union in Leningrad (now St. Petersburg) in 1967.The INS Kalvari was commissioned into the Indian Navy on 8 December 1967 and served the navy till it was decommissioned on 31 May, 1996.

Coming to Present, INS Kalvari (S50), India’s first conventional submarine in 15 years. ‘Conventional’ refers to the diesel-electric powertrain. The Kalvari uses a a diesel engine which acts as a generator to drive an electric motor which in turn, turns the propellers.

The Kalvari Class of Submarines are stealthier than nuclear subs as they can work without needing to surface or send up a snorkel for oxygen thanks to the use of Air-independent propulsion system found on the Scorpene subs that can help it stay underwater for up to 21 days at a stretch.

Kalvari has a superior stealth technology compared to previous diesel-electric submarines. She can also launch massive attacks through precision guided weapons. An attack can be launched through this submarine with torpedoes as well as tube launched anti-ship missiles on the surface of the water or beneath it as well. She can work in all settings including the tropics, wherein various means and communications are in place to ensure interoperability with various components of the naval task force. Numerous defence activities can be carried out through this stealth submarine including mine laying, area surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering and multifarious warfare activities. Kalvari is being constructed from special steel and she can withstand high yield stress because she possesses tensile strength, moreover she can withstand hydrostatic force of high magnitude and dive deeper into the oceans.

These attack submarines are also equipped with diesel propulsion and extra air independent propulsion. The new diesel electronic Scorpene submarines will be named as per the old Foxtrot-class submarinesdecommissioned around 10 years ago; these were the first submarines of the Navy. INS Kalvari is one of a set of six submarines which will undergo test and trials for one and a half years rigorously at harbour and on sea whether on the surface or underwater. Mechanisms on this submarine have been designed to optimize safety; DRDO is in the process of establishing a system for carrying out structured health monitoring of under development nuclear submarines as well as future conventional Naval submarines.

Features of Kalvari:

• This Scorpene submarine has superior stealth technology
• It can also launch massive attacks through precision guided weapons
• An attack can be launched from this submarine with torpedoes as well as tube launched antiship missiles on the surface of the water or beneath it as well
• This submarine works in all settings including the tropics, wherein various means and communications are in place to ensure interoperability with various components of the naval task force
• Numerous defence activities can be carried out through this stealth submarine including mine laying, area surveillance, anti-submarine warfare, intelligence gathering and multifarious warfare activities
• This Scorpene submarine is constructed from special steel and it can withstand high yield stress because it possesses tensile strength, it can withstand hydrostatic force of high magnitude and dive deeper
• Kalvari and other submarines in this class are also equipped with WLT/Weapons Launching tubes and these can carry weapons on board which can effectively be reloaded at sea
• All six submarines including Kalvari are being indigenously constructed at Mazgaon Dockyard Ltd in Mumbai
• The last and may be second last attack submarine of these class will be equipped with air independent propulsion
• The new diesel electronic Scorpene submarines will be named as per the old Foxtrot class boats decommissioned around 10 years ago; these were the first submarines of the Navy
• INR Kalvari is one of a set of six submarines which is undergoing test and trials for the last one and a half years rigorously at harbour and on sea whether on the surface or underwater
• Mechanisms on this submarine have been designed to optimise safety; DRDO is in the process of establishing a system for carrying out structural health monitoring of under development nuclear submarines as well as future conventional Naval submarines
• To speed up India in the race for naval vessels, the NDA government has ordered for an accelerated tendering process to construct 6 conventional diesel electric submarines at a cost estimated to be INR 50,000 crore or USD 8.1billion alongside the Scorpenes

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Weapons:
The submarine is equipped with 6 x 533-mm torpedo tubes for 18 whitehead Alenia Sustemi Subacquei Black Shark heavyweight torpedoes or SM.39 Exocet Anti-ship missiles and 30 mines in place of torpedoes.

INS Kalvari during its first torpedo firing trials, May 2017

Kalvari would be armed only with MBDA’s tube-launched Exocet SM-39 anti-ship missiles. The Indian Navy’s USD300 million purchase of 98 torpedoes from WASS (a Finmeccanica/Leonardo company) remains suspended, as it is linked to the ongoing investigation into the EUR750 million (USD861 million) import of 12 AW101 helicopters from AgustaWestland (a Finmeccanica company) facing corruption charges.

The good news is that it is almost ready to be commissioned into Indian Navy and may join the force at the end of this month.

Source: Quora, Wikipedia

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